ДИСКУРС СУЧАСНОГО ВІЙСЬКОВОГО КОНФЛІКТУ. ПОЛІКОМПЛЕКСНІ ВІЙНИ
Н. А. Фурсіна

DOI: 10.32702/2306-6806.2019.4.112

УДК: 331:355

Н. А. Фурсіна

ДИСКУРС СУЧАСНОГО ВІЙСЬКОВОГО КОНФЛІКТУ. ПОЛІКОМПЛЕКСНІ ВІЙНИ

Анотація

У статті проведено дослідження сучасних військових конфліктів, як "нових воєн". Проблематику нових воєн слід розуміти не як емпіричну категорію, а як спосіб висвітлення логіки сучасної війни. Проаналізовано, чи сучасні війни є "новими" і чи можна назвати нові війни post-Clausewitzean; визначено логіку громадянських воєн. Також розглянуто питання того, що ми спостерігаємо розмивання війни, тероризму та криміналу, спираючись на політичний елемент нових воєн. Поява нових форм комунікації (інформаційні технології, телебачення і радіо) призвела до низки наслідків, які використовуються як інструмент у військовому протистоянні. Незважаючи на те, що більшість сучасних конфліктів локальні, глобальні зв'язки набагато ширші, включаючи кримінальні структури, ТНК, а також присутність міжнародних агентств і міжнародних ЗМІ. В статті надано визначення нових воєн як полікомплесних воєн, коли спостерігається поєднання в одному воєнному конфлікті ознаки різних видів воєн. Доведено, що цілі нових чи полікомплексих воєн відрізняються від цілей класичних воєн по Клаузевицу і полягають у тому, щоб отримати доступ до керування державою в інтересах конкретних груп, які можуть бути як місцевими, так і транснаціональними, а не проводити окремі політики чи програми в широких громадських інтересах. Також було досліджено, що відрізняються суб'єкти військових конфліктів. А саме класичні війни велися штатом регулярних збройних сил. У нових війнах спостерігається співпраця державних і недержавних суб'єктів — регулярні збройні сили, приватні охоронні організації, найманці, воєнізовані формування тощо. Виявлено наслідки нових воєн: тоді як класичні війни були пов'язані з посиленням або захистом держави, нові війни навпаки — зазвичай, сприяють руйнуванню окремо взятих країн, на території яких підтримуються збройні конфлікти низької інтенсивності.

Ключові слова: класичні війни; нові війни; військовий конфлікт; громадянська війна; полікомплексні війни.

Література

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N. Fursina

DISCOURSE OF MODERN MILITARY CONFLICT. POLYCOMPLEX WARS

Summary

The article deals with the study of modern military conflicts, as "new wars". The issue of new wars should be understood as an empirical category, but as a way to highlight the logic of modern warfare. It is analyzed whether modern wars are "new" and can be called new wars after Clausewitz; recognized the logic of civil wars. Also, consider the issues we are seeing in the development of war, terrorism and crime, relying on the political element of the new wars. The emergence of new forms of communication (information technology, television and radio) leads to the fact that they will be used as an instrument in the military confrontation. Despite the fact that most of the current conflicts are local, global ties are much wider, including criminal structures, TNCs, as well as the presence of international agencies and international media. The article defines new wars as a POLYcomplex wars, when there is a combination of features of different types of wars in one military conflict. It is proved that the goals of new or polycomplex wars differ from the goals of traditional wars by Clausewitz and consist in gaining access to state control in the interests of specific groups, which can be both local and transnational, rather than pursuing separate policies or programs in broad public interest. It was also investigated that there are different subjects of military conflicts. Namely the classic wars were conducted by the state of the regular armed forces. In the new wars there is cooperation between state and non-state actors — regular armed forces, private security organizations, mercenaries, paramilitary forces, etc. The consequences of new wars were discovered: while classical wars were associated with the strengthening or protection of the state, new wars, on the contrary, usually contribute to the destruction of individual countries in which armed conflicts of low intensity are supported.

Keywords: classical wars; new wars; military conflict; civil war; polycomplex war.

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№ 4 2019, стор. 112 - 118

Дата публікації: 2019-04-26

Кількість переглядів: 1585